He graduated from high school in May 1944 and immediately entered military service as an aviation cadet in the U.S. Army Air Forces.

World War II ended prior to his completion of pilot training, and he returned to civilian life in November 1945.

He resumed his studies and graduated from Parks College of St. Louis (Missouri) University with a bachelor of science degree in both aeronautical engineering and meteorology in June 1950.

In June 1954 Nicholson transferred to McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas, where he was director of materiel for the 3520th Tactical Fighter Group.

In October 1970 Nicholson transferred to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, where he flew F-4s in preparation for another combat tour of duty in Southeast Asia.

In April 1973 Nicholson assumed command and directed the reconstitution of the 97th Bombardment Wing, Blytheville Air Force Base, Arkansas.

He transferred to the Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (J-5), in June 1974 as assistant deputy director for force development and strategic plans.