William Lithgow (c. 1715 – December 20, 1798) was a judge for the Court of Common Pleas of Lincoln County, when Maine was under the jurisdiction of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

William Lithgow's family, emigrated from Derry, Ireland, after leaving Scotland due to the fallout from the Jacobite rising of 1689.

From Boston, the Lithgows traveled north to present day Maine, at the mouth of the Kennebec River near Merrymeeting Bay, where William's father, Robert, prospected land in Topsham territory around 1720.

However, due to incessant Indian attacks, the Lithgow family was forced to flee, seeking refuge at Fort George in Brunswick, about four miles distance.

Lithgow of Richmond is a good-natured and faithful Man in his posts: He takes a tender care of our young men when they are drunk, and rude to him.