He was born at Southwark, the son of a tradesman,[2][3] and was educated at St Saviour's Grammar School and Eton, and then at Peterhouse, Cambridge.
[5] In 1686, he was reproved for his antipapal preaching and his controversy with the king's chaplain, Lewis Sabran; his pension was stopped.
After the Glorious Revolution, he was suspended for refusing the oaths to William III and Mary II but yielded before losing his position.
In 1690 and 1693, he published works on the doctrine of the Trinity, which ironically helped rather than injured the Socinian cause and involved him in a controversy with Robert South and others.
Sherlock defended himself in The Distinction... and Present State... (both 1696), which however practically gave up on the positions that had been impugned.