Windows 3.1

Its multimedia was also expanded, and screensavers were introduced, alongside new software such as Windows Media Player and Sound Recorder.

The advertisements, developed by Ogilvy & Mather, were designed to introduce a broader audience to Windows.

[4][6][7]: 3  After the introduction of Windows 1.0, Microsoft had worked on gaining support from companies to expand its operating environment on different types of PCs.

[4][10] Windows 3.1 introduced Arial, Courier New, and Times New Roman fonts, in regular, bold, italic, and bold-italic versions, which could be scaled to any size and rotated, depending on the application.

[11][12] To improve user interaction, Microsoft initiated warning and event sounds, and introduced computer command shortcuts for copy, cut, and paste.

[4] These features were already present on the Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions version, although they were only available to users with newly bought PCs.

[19][20] The introduction of Windows Registry, a centralized database that could store configuration information and settings for various operating systems components and applications, also occurred in this version.

[28][29] The operating environment was also given limited compatibility with the then-new 32-bit Windows API, by introducing Win32s, an enabling technology.

[30] Microsoft also provided WinG, an application program interface, to entice developers to move from DOS to Windows.

[31] It also provided a device-independent interface to graphics and printer hardware, and allowed programs to have both read and write capabilities to the WinGDC.

[32] Unlike all previous versions, Windows 3.1 could not run in real mode and it insisted on the use of 80286 processors or above.

[39] Similarly, Microsoft also released Windows 3.1J with support for Japanese, which shipped 1.46 million copies in its first year on the market (1993) in Japan.

[40] Modular Windows was built for real-time consumer electronics, and was designed to be controlled via television.

[43][44] It also contained a software development kit (SDK) for programmers to write applications that would run on devices that have Modular Windows.

[58][59] Windows for Workgroups could also be accessed from an OS/2 client that uses the Server Message Block (SMB), a protocol used for sharing files and printers over local networks.

[65][66] It was codenamed Snowball, and it introduced support for 32-bit file access, drive sharing, and group calendaring.

[70][71][72] Its connectivity with NetWare networks was increased, while it also introduced support for Open Data-Link Interface cards and Internetwork Packet Exchange drivers.

[33] It has been shown as an improvement, and it possesses more features in comparison with its rival IBM OS/2 2.0, which launched a month earlier than Windows 3.1.

[76] Windows for Workgroups received lukewarm reception; it has been praised for its technical design, but it has been also noted as a "business disappointment" due to its small amount of sold copies.

[86] It was known as AARD code, and Microsoft disabled it before the final release of Windows 3.1, though without removing it altogether.

[87] Digital Research, who owned DR-DOS, released a patch within weeks to allow the installer to continue.

[90][91] Windows 3.1 found a niche market as an embedded operating system after becoming obsolete in the PC world.

[93] In November 2015, the failure of a Windows 3.1 system in Orly Airport in Paris, which was responsible for communicating visual range information in foggy weather to pilots, made operations temporarily cease.

[94][95] In 2016, the Internet Archive organization released Windows 3.1 as an emulated environment in a web browser.

Early version of the Windows 3.1 logo, used in 1991
Windows 3.1, showing some of the personalization options available
Retail box of the Japanese version of Windows 3.1
Windows for Workgroups logo
Network capabilities of Windows for Workgroups 3.11