Winston Peabody Wilson (November 11, 1911 – December 31, 1996) was a United States Air Force major general who served as Chief of the National Guard Bureau.

Wilson, now a colonel, was responsible for the training, readiness, equipping and deployment of Air National Guard units during the Korean War.

[12] From June to July 1959, Wilson served as acting chief of the National Guard Bureau after the retirement of Edgar C. Erickson and before the appointment of Donald W.

[13] During his tenure as Air Guard Director, Wilson oversaw the organization's diversification from a fighter-based force to one of fighters, bombers, observation, and transport units, as well as a modernization of its planes and facilities.

)[15][16] Long an advocate for integrating National Guard and Reserve units into operations with active duty ones, rather than using them as a strategic reserve, Wilson's view was validated during the Vietnam War, with Air Guard fighter squadrons serving successfully in Vietnam, especially following the Pueblo Incident and the Tet Offensive, when called on to deploy with little or no advance notice.

[17][18] Wilson also continued efforts to racially integrate the National Guard, including the appointment of its first African-American general officer.

[25] The National Guard Marksmanship Training Center at Camp Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas hosts the annual Winston P. Wilson Rifle and Pistol Championship, a nationwide contest where teams and individuals from participating states compete for high scores in small arms target shooting.