Winthrop's 17 men's and women's teams compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level as a member of the Big South Conference.

[citation needed] In the 2006–07 season, James Shuler (men's basketball) led the nation in highest single game free-throw percentage (100%, 18/18).

[6] In the 2007–08 season, Michael Jenkins (men's basketball) led the nation in most three-point field goals made in a single game (12).

[6] In the 2012–13 season, Diana Choibekova (women's basketball) led the nation in three-point field goal average (3.9 per game).

In the 2019–20 season, Chase Claxton (men's basketball) shot 81.2% to lead the nation in two-point shooting average.