[6] Australia has produced several women's world champions including Pam Burridge, Pauline Menczer and Wendy Botha.
[9] In 2012, a study was completed by Laura Fendt & Erica Wilson which looked at the motivations and constraints experienced by women in relation to surfing and surf-related travel.
[11] ^* The numbers in this column do not equal 20 as each woman has stated several constraints[11] Due to the natural differences in strength between men and women, competitions have always been segregated between the sexes.
The pop-up movement occurs when the surfer has gained enough speed in the paddling stage to catch the wave and is complete.
[12][13] A study was conducted at the California State University[note 1] to measure the exact advantage that men had over women in this pop-up stage.
It was then concluded from these results that female surfers are not physically able to perform the pop-up action with forces equal to that of their male competitors.