To this end, one of the key functions played by the ES is to deliver many of the "career services" established by WIOA.

Title I programs are administered by the US Department of Labor (DOL), primarily through its Employment and Training Administration (ETA).

Later in MDTA's existence, the majority of funding went to classroom and on-the-job training (OJT) that was targeted to low-income individuals and welfare recipients.

Funding from the MDTA was allocated by formula to local communities based on factors of population and poverty.

The Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), enacted in 1973, made substantial changes to federal workforce development programs.

In 1982, changes to federal workforce development policy were made by enactment of the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA).

In addition to these changes, WIA enacted changes that included universal access to services (i.e., available to any individual regardless of age or employment status), a demand driven workforce system responsive to the demands of local area employers (e.g., the requirement that a majority of WIB members must be representatives of business), a work-first approach to workforce development (i.e., placement in employment was the first goal of the services provided under Title I of WIA as embodied in the "sequence of services" provisions), and the establishment of consumer choice for participants who were provided with Individual Training Accounts (ITAs) to choose a type of training and the particular provider from which to receive training.

[2] It was referred to six House committees: Agriculture, Education and the Workforce, Energy and Commerce, Judiciary, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Veterans Affairs.

[2] The bill was received in the Senate on March 18, 2013 and referred to the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions committee.

"[3] Senator Jack Reed (D-RI) said that "the need to improve our workforce investment system has crystalized during the Great Recession... employers say they have open positions they cannot fill because they cannot find workers with the skills they need today.

[4] The group Business Roundtable also supported the bill, arguing that the legislation "will narrow the skills gap and prepare American workers for the jobs of today and tomorrow.

WIOA would consolidate job training programs under the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) into a single funding stream.

Enactment would affect direct spending, but those costs are already assumed to continue in the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) baseline; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.

The remaining 10% (Governor's Reserve) of the state allotment may be used for activities such as performance incentives and services for groups with special needs.