[3][4] Some 410,000 acres of the reservation are shrub-steppe rangeland; as of 2014, about 15,000 wild horses roamed these lands—an unsustainable population, many times what the land can support.

Several Native leaders believed that those representatives did not have the authority to cede communal land and had not properly gained consensus from the full council or tribe.

A dispute over the treaty conditions led to the Yakima War (1855–1858), which the Yakama and allied tribes waged against the United States.

The Paiute did not return to Nevada until the 1886 expansion of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation permitted them to reunite with their Western Shoshone brethren.

[15] Members of the tribe responded by building tiny houses,[15] but the structures do not have plumbing and are not viewed as a permanent solution.

[14] The tribe undertakes forest management activities, including a lumber mill that supports several hundred jobs in the region.

[17] The Yakama Nation is one of several tribal governments in the northwestern United States to offer free bus service on its reservation.

[3] In 1963, most criminal and civil jurisdiction over tribal members was transferred from the tribe to the Washington state government under Public Law 280.

[4][22] The suit was dismissed on ripeness grounds, because the ban had not yet been enforced against non-tribal members or on privately owned land.

[25] In June 2019, the tribal council said that the reservation was plagued by drug use and violent crime, as well as "disregard for the rule of law and general civil unrest" and responded by imposing a youth curfew, establishing a telephone hotline for reporting crime, and increasing penalties for theft and assault.