Viscount Yamaji Motoharu (山地 元治, 10 September 1841 – 3 October 1897), was a lieutenant general in the early Imperial Japanese Army during the First Sino-Japanese War.

At the age of 13, he lost sight in one of his eyes, but notwithstanding his disability, he was appointed a company commander of the Jinshotai, a Tosa-Domain shock force, during the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, participating in the Battle of Toba–Fushimi, and in subsequent campaigns in northern Japan against the pro-Tokugawa Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei.

After the war, Yamaji went to Tokyo, and was appointed by the Meiji government as a lieutenant colonel in the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army.

During the Seikanron debate, he supported his fellow Tosa clansmen Itagaki Taisuke and Gotō Shōjirō, at one point resigning his commission and returning to Tosa to participate in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, but eventually he had a falling out with Itagaki and returned to military service, receiving a position with the Guards Division.

He was posthumous awarded the honorific title of Junior Second Court Rank[5] His grave was recorded as being located in Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo; however, on August 11, 1971, the Kochi Newspaper reported that Yamaji's gravestone had been found abandoned by a man taking a walk at the corner of the three-way intersection along the Koshū Kaidō (Japan National Route 20), near the National Observatory and Chōfu Airport, on what is now the grounds of Ajinomoto Stadium.