She holds the record as the youngest rhythmic gymnast to win the World Championships in the All-around at 15 years of age.

Kudryavtseva retired in January 2017 due to multiple leg injuries, including a fracture in the left foot sustained during the 2016 World Cup in Kazan.

[11] Her mother, Viktoriia Kharitonova has called her an "Angel with iron wings", resembling a ballerina in the jewelry box when performing yet has an unbreakable constitution and strong will.

"[12] Kudryavtseva announced her engagement to Russian ice hockey player Dmitri Kugryshev in June 2018 via Instagram, the couple later married in July.

At age 15, she competed in her first World Cup at the 2013 Sofia where she became the first rhythmic gymnast to win a World Cup All-around gold medal in her debut beating Sylvia Miteva (silver) of Bulgaria and teammate Margarita Mamun (bronze), she also won gold medal in hoop, clubs and bronze in ribbon, ball final.

Kudryavtseva competed in three apparatus and together with her teammates (Margarita Mamun and Daria Svatkovskaya) won Russia the Team gold medal.

Kudryavtseva competed at the 2013 World Cup stage in Saint Petersburg, Russia where she won the all-around bronze medal.

Kudryavtseva won the All-around gold at the 2013 World Championships (Hoop:18.533, Ribbon:18.083, Ball:18.550, Clubs:18.700) with a total 73.866 points beating Ganna Rizatdinova of Ukraine and Melitina Staniouta of Belarus.

[26] In 10–15 June, Kudryavtseva won the 2014 European All-around title ahead of Melitina Staniouta of Belarus and Ganna Rizatdinova of Ukraine.

[28] In 5–7 September, competing at the 2014 World Cup series in Kazan, Russia, Kudryavtseva won the all-around scoring a total of 74.950, 1.7 points ahead of silver medalist Margarita Mamun.

[29] In 22–28 September, Kudryavtseva (along with teammates Margarita Mamun and Aleksandra Soldatova) represented Russia at the 2014 World Championships where they won Team gold with a total of 147.914 points.

[7] Kudryavtseva was also awarded the Longines Prize for Elegance, which saw her receive $5,000, a statue by Swiss artist Jean-Pierre Gerber and a watch.

Kudryavtseva was one of the finalist for the 2015 SportAccord Awards in category of the Sportswoman of the Year 2014, along with Geva Mentor (GBR, Netball), Kaillie Humphries (CAN, Bobsleigh) and Marit Bjørgen (NOR, Cross Country Skiing).

Her next competition, on 27–29 March, Kudryavtseva continued to struggle at the 2015 Lisboa World Cup taking bronze in the all-around behind teammates Aleksandra Soldatova (gold) and Margarita Mamun (silver).

Her next competition at the 2015 Sofia World Cup, Kudryavtseva repeated her gold medal sweep winning in the all-around and all the apparatus finals (hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon).

She qualified to 3 apparatus finals (hoop, ball, ribbon) but withdrew from the events, after suffering an ankle inflammation sustained in her clubs routine.

In 9–13 September, Kudryavtseva returned to competition at the 2015 World Championships in Stuttgart, (together with teammates Margarita Mamun and Aleksandra Soldatova) represented Russia where they won the Team gold.

Kudryavtseva; still nursing a slight inflammation on her left ankle, opted not to compete for the World title with the Hoop, which in her absence was won by Mamun.

In the All-around finals, Kudryavtseva started well in her first routine in Clubs but a slight error with the Ribbon allowed Mamun to move into the lead, which she held heading into the final rotation however Mamun dropped the Ribbon in a risk element, Kudryavtseva took full advantage and kept a clean routine posting the highest score of the competition (19.116) with the Ball to bounce back and take the gold with a total of 75.632 points.

[37] Still recovering from her ankle treatment, Kudryavsteva opted to start her season appearing in an out-of-competition entry at the 2016 Baltic Hoop.

On 17–19 June, Kudryavtseva competed at the 2016 European Championships where she narrowly won the all-around gold medal with a total of 76.082 points; after Margarita Mamun dropped her hoop apparatus.

[40] On 8–10 July, Kudryavsteva took silver in the all-around behind Mamun at the 2016 Kazan World Cup with a total of 75.950 points,[41] Kudryavsteva qualified to 3 apparatus finals winning gold in hoop, ball however, she withdrew from her last event in ribbon after feeling sickness and was then replaced by America's Laura Zeng to compete.

[43] On 20 August, at the rhythmic gymnastics individual all-around final, Kudryavtseva had established herself in the lead after the first two rotations with scores of 19.225 in hoop and 19.250 in ball.

[47] Despite not winning the Olympics, Kudryavtseva remains the only rhythmic gymnast to have never finished an international competition off the All-around podium.

[50] In 2017 she married the ice hockey player Dmitri Kugryshev and on 25 December 2018 gave birth to their first daughter, named Eva Dmitrijevna.

She has mastered unique skills especially the ball spin on the tip of the finger, apparatus catch turning to roll, the ball/hoop series, in clubs with her high, asymmetric, difficult throws and the ribbon serpentine.