The camp was consequently taken over by various factions and deprived of supplies, resulting in hunger,[3] disease and a high death rate, which caused many to flee.

In early April 2015, most of the camp was overrun by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, sparking armed clashes with Palestinian militia Aknaf Bait al-Maqdis.

[4] On 1 April 2015, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) fighters entered the camp from the Hajar al-Aswad district, sparking clashes with Aknaf Bait al-Maqdis and the Free Syrian Army[12]—reportedly with the collaboration of Jabhat al-Nusra fighters in the camp, with whom they were then locally allied.

[citation needed] It was reported that despite Palestinian militia resistance and parallel bombing by the Syrian Air Force, ISIL still controlled 90% of the camp by 6 April.

[19] In July 2015, the UN quietly removed Yarmouk from its list of besieged areas in Syria, despite not having been able to deliver aid there for four months, and declined to explain why it had done so.

[20] By April 2016, there remained only between 7,000 and 8,000 residents in the camp due to militant fighting, conscription by the regime, and the use of wide area effect weapons such as barrel bombs.

The report highlights the deaths of around 200 civilians since the siege was tightened in July 2013, and access to crucial food and medical supplies was cut off.

Philip Luther, Director of the Middle East and North Africa Programme at Amnesty International, describes it as "Civilians of Yarmouk are being treated like pawns in a deadly game in which they have no control."

According to the report, the Syrian government forces led by Bashar al-Assad have committed war crimes, including indiscriminate attacks on civilian areas such as schools, hospitals, and a mosque.

[23] Mouaffaq Dawa, a member of the Free Palestine Movement who was infamously known as the "Butcher of Yarmouk," was sentenced to life imprisonment in Germany in February 2023.

The massacre took place on 23 March 2014 when Dawa launched an RPG—an anti-tank grenade—into a group of Palestinian civilians who were waiting to receive food.

Seven individuals lost their lives, among them a young boy named Musa Nidal al-Essoud, while others sustained severe injuries.

[24] On 19 April 2018, the Syrian government and its allies began a push to take Hajar al-Aswad, Tadamun and Beit Sahem, which make up the majority of Yarmouk, using surface-to-surface missiles, barrel and cluster bombs, and mortar fire in more than 580 air raids, with local activists reporting at least 15 civilians killed and more than 100 wounded.

[31] On 16 May, a new pro-government assault on the camp with airstrikes and surface-to-surface missiles, with only a few hundred, mainly elderly, residents left inside; dozens of civilians and over 100 fighters on both sides were reported killed.

[34][35] On 21 May, pro-government troops fully recaptured the camp, as ISIL fighters pulled out to deserts east of the city, thus allowing the Syrian Arab Army to control the capital after 6 years.