The Chinese character 狛, a variant form 貊 for Maek, is used in the Japanese language to transcribe Koma (cf.
[18] The Yemaek are believed influenced by the Mongol-Siberian nomadic cultures and that their ethnic origins were distinct from those of the Han Chinese.
[20] In 705 BC, the Shanrong nomads (山戎) planned to plunder the Yan, Qi and Zhao kingdoms in the Guzhu text(孤竹國).
[21] After the Gojoseon–Yan War and Han conquest of Gojoseon, the Bal people (發) moved east and became absorbed into the Maek tribe.
[22] Japanese researcher Shiratori Kurakichi is the first to connect between Yemaek tribal people and the origins of the "Korean race."
It is believed the replacement of the native Yemaek and Gojoseon languages in the existing three kingdoms was accelerated by the southward expansion of a large number of northern people in the late 3rd century.
[28] Currently, there are academic attempts to recover Yemaek language based on toponym fragments recorded in the Samguk Sagi from occupied areas of Goguryeo and the Buyeo-Baekje.[relevant?]