Other Yemenis also reside in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain, as well as India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Madagascar and the former USSR.

A smaller number of modern-day Pakistanis are of Yemeni descent, their original ancestors having left Yemen for the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia over four centuries ago.

The genomes of present-day Yemenis provide insights into the region's complex history, as DNA can reveal patterns of human migration and interaction over millennia.

Notably, Yemenis display the highest frequency of the West Eurasian R0a haplogroup detected to date, suggesting that southern Arabia might have been a site of its initial expansion.

This study highlighted differences in genetic trajectories between northern and southern regions of the Near East, with Yemen avoiding the steppe ancestry that influenced the Levant and instead experiencing African admixture.

Principal Component Analysis showed that Yemenis form a genetic continuum with other Arabian and Levantine populations, distinct from East African and Indian groups.

[13] The research also reveals that the minimal northern Arabian-Levantine ancestry found in the southern Yemeni region of Aden has been diluted by genetic contributions from East Africa.

Additionally, the study challenges traditional assumptions that cultural and linguistic ties between Yemen and the Levant resulted from multiple waves of south-to-north migrations following events such as the collapse of the Marib Dam in the 2nd or 3rd century CE.

Instead, recent findings, including those by Al Jallad, suggest an eastern Levantine origin for "classical" Arabic, supporting the idea of cultural and linguistic diffusion from the Levant to Yemen.