Yngvars saga víðförla

The tale tells of a Viking expedition to somewhere in southern Russia, probably the present day region of Georgia in the Caucasus.

[4] There are many Ingvar Runestones raised in commemoration of warriors who died in the raid, mostly in the Lake Mälaren region of Uppland in Sweden.

[8] Some scholars have attempted to identify the saga with Viking (rus) journeys to Byzantium in 1043, not the Caspian in 1041, or even with 'rus' raids on Emirs of the Caucasus between 1030 and 1033.

[9] The Georgian Chronicles confirm the presence of Varangians (Norsemen) in the area c.1040, though the dating is not completely precise;[10] the chronicles give more details on the activities of a small army of Varangians, and though similarities can be drawn with the saga, a direct association between the two records is not certain, and a very selective interpretive reading is needed to get the two to fit.

[13] The saga also draws on learned literature, including the late twelfth-century translation of The Book of Joseph and Aseneth.