Yorkshire Coast
The section of coastline south of Bridlington to Spurn Head is also known as the Holderness coast,[3] from the area of East Yorkshire it adjoins.
In 2016, Natural England announced the creation of a coastal path between Filey Brigg and Newport (Middlesbrough) Transporter Bridge.
The North Yorkshire and Cleveland Heritage Coast designation does not include the coastal section around Whitby (Upgang Chine to Abbey Field) as it has been built on and developed.
[11] As can be seen from the geological map, the Yorkshire Coast is composed of shales, alluviums (sand, clay and gravel), oolites, limestones, mudstone, sandstones, ironstones and chalk.
Typically, boulder clay[12] is the section alongside the North Sea in the East Riding of Yorkshire and has been the most prone to coastal erosion.
[16] The Shoreline Management Plan 2, which covers the coastline from the Tyne to Flamborough Head admits that whilst towns such as Filey, Scarborough and Whitby should be protected, other settlements such as Robin Hood's Bay will see properties lost to coastal erosion.
[17] Robin Hood's Bay had concrete sea walls installed alongside its shoreline in 1973, but a report issued in 2014 stated that the structure was coming to the end of its design life.
Jet is a hard Lignite mineraloid that was wood from Monkey Puzzle and Chilean Pine trees[20] laid down 185 million years ago in the Jurassic era.
[33] Skinningrove still has a specialist steel plate mill[34] and Boulby Mine stretches 3.1 miles (5 km)[35] under the north sea to win Potash, Polyhalite and as a secondary aggregate, Rock Salt.
[39] Alum used to be quarried at Ravenscar[40] and the region adjacent to Easington in the East Riding has on shore natural gas processing plants.
To help protect it form aerial bombardment, a Sound Mirror was installed at Boulby (see Military history section).
[42] In more recent times, windfarms have been granted permission to be sited off of the coastline with some being obvious from the shoreline (Teesside, Humber Gateway and Westermost Rough), whilst others (Heron Wind and Njord, Hornsea) are farther out to sea.
[46] Bridlington is the largest shell fishing port in the British Isles and exports its catches to the continent, most oftentimes being France, Italy and Spain.
In the 20th and 21st century, the Hornsea shell fishermen have been in confrontation with the big oil and gas business along the East Riding section of the coast.
[52] Sea going vessels pass by the Yorkshire coast to access and leave the major ports in Hull, Grimsby, Immingham and at Teesport.
[65] The radio and coastguard stations in Scarborough and Whitby were part of a targeted attack on 16 December 1914 by the German Navy during the First World War.
[66] Elsewhere, the stretch of coast between the Tees and the Humber was a dangerous place in the First World War due to the presence of the German U-Boats.
[42] During the Second World War, the Yorkshire coast was fortified with pillboxes and tank traps on the shoreline[70] and anti-aircraft and anti-shipping batteries installed at Ringborough.
These include; Of all the major rivers in Yorkshire, only the Esk drains eastwards directly to the North Sea without flowing into the Tees or the Humber estuaries.
Even the River Derwent, which rises on the eastern edge of the North York Moors and reaches within 4 miles (6.4 km) of Scarborough turns westwards and then south to flow out through the Humber.
[87][88] In response to flooding on the Derwent in 1799, a river was carved out from Mowthorpe to Scalby which allows floodwaters to drain to the sea, thereby sparing the riverside further downstream.
[92] The Lonely Planet Guides rate Yorkshire as a whole as third in its top ten global places, the only part of the United Kingdom to feature in the list.
