Born in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture and brought up in Toda, Saitama,[6] Hasegawa played youth football with Tokyo Verdy Beleza before she began her career with the senior team in 2013.

In 2021, Hasegawa joined AC Milan[7] before moving to West Ham United[8] at the end of 2020-21 Serie A season.

[6] In 2009, aged 11, she was accepted into Menina, the nation's top youth academy of the club she would later play for, Tokyo Verdy Beleza.

[14] Over a four-year period from 2011 to 2014, she was a central figure behind Menina's successive titles at the JFA U-18 All Japan Youth Women's Football Tournaments.

[15] While at the academy, she befriended and rose through the ranks with fellow players such as Risa Shimizu and Yuka Momiki, all of whom would go on play for the Japan national team together.

[7] She netted a brace in her competitive debut for Milan in a 6–1 victory over Pink Bari on February 27, 2021, including one direct free-kick [22] She was also awarded Player of the Match in that game.

[27] In her first season with the Hammers, Hasegawa helped West Ham achieve sixth-place, their best ever finish in the league thus far, and reached the Women's FA Cup semi-finals.

On September 8, 2022, Hasegawa signed a three-year deal with fellow Women's Super League side Manchester City.

[29] While at Manchester City, she began playing as a defensive midfielder under manager Gareth Taylor, filling the gap left behind by Keira Walsh following her departure to FC Barcelona.

[30] Hasegawa quickly established herself as a key player in the starting line-up as she helped spark a 16-game unbeaten run in all competitions since joining the club.

She began her international career as a 15-year-old at the 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Azerbaijan, where she started in two matches against Brazil in the group stage and Ghana in the quarter-final.

[46] On March 1, 2017, Hasegawa won her first senior cap for the Japan women's national team when she made her debut as a half-time substitute against Spain at the 2017 Algarve Cup.

She provided the assist[50] for Kumi Yokoyama's crucial winning goal that saw Japan lift the trophy, beating regional rivals Australia by a 1–0 scoreline for the second consecutive time.

[51] In the same year, she won a gold medal at the 2018 Asian Games, where Japan emerged champions of yet another closely contested final, to win 1–0 over China.

She was part of a new generation of Nadeshiko stars, as the Japan senior team was in a period of transition, moving on from many of the players who featured in the squad that reached the previous World Cup final, and had lifted the historic title in 2011.

[58] Hasegawa is described as a player who possesses exceptional ability on the ball, whose electric feet, quick acceleration and low centre of gravity make her an adept dribbler and press resistant.

[59] Hasegawa is also an effective player on the defensive end where her intense counter pressing in the final third regularly helps her side to quickly regain possession through intercepting opposition play.