In his homeland, he is best known for being a member of the Bolshevik Party, during the February Revolution, stopping the Tsar's Train heading to Tsarskoe Selo.

His mother Maria Fedorovna Lomonosova (née Pegelau) was a housewife known for establishing a public library.

After graduation, he worked at Kharkiv Locomotive Plant and then, in October 1898, became assistant director of the depot of the Kharkiv-Mykolaiv railways.

The results of the expedition were partly reported in a meeting with the Minister of Finances Sergei Witte, with whom Lomonosov openly talked about theft and corruption at the CER.

[4][5] During his stay at Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Lomonosov joined the rapidly growing socialist movement and became an avid Marxist.

As inspector at the Russian Railways, Lomonosov often traveled abroad to get acquainted with experience of the organization of transport in other countries.

[4][5] In April 1905 Lomonosov defended his habilitation on the dynamics of locomotives and became the youngest full professor of the institute.

In July 1914 the Ministry of Railways has approved his design and allocated funds for the production of 2 locomotives, but the project was halted by World War I.

[4][5] During these years, Lomonosov became a recognized authority in the field of locomotive equipment in Russia and headed a department at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute.

Using his administrative skills, Lomonosov assembled a creative team of engineers and scientists who managed to design and build a prototype as early as in Spring 1924.

The locomotive passed all State tests and examinations and in February 1925 was officially listed under number Юэ 001 at the Soviet railways.

In Britain, he collaborated with a talented physicist Pyotr Kapitsa; in particular, they unsuccessfully tried to obtain a patent on an electromechanical brake system for a locomotive.