[3] Based on ceramic analysis, Zacualpa existed as early as the regional "Balan phase" (317 - 633) and was contemporaneous with the influential Maya cities of the Middle Classic (550-700).

The kingdom of the Chajoma was at one point considered one of the main three powers in the highlands, alongside the K'iche of Q'umarkaj and the Kaqchikel proper at Iximche.

[6] Relocating their capital to more defensive positions, the Chajoma moved first to the town of Ochal and then to the site known as Jilotepeque Viejo around 1450,[7] but were still conquered by the Kaqchikels shortly afterward.

Shielded by their apostolic privileges granted to convert natives into Catholicism, the missionaries only responded to their order local authorities, and never to that of the Spanish government or the secular bishops.

The doctrines were founded at the friars discretion, given that they were completely at liberty to settle communities provided the main purpose was to eventually transfer it as a secular parish which would be tithing of the bishop.