The Italian colonial governments in the territories listed above modelled the various zaptié constabulary forces on Italy's own carabinieri.
The first of these units was raised in Eritrea in 1882, drawing from existing companies of bashi-bazouks (basci bazuks) (irregular troops).
[4] Zaptìé detachments participated in the Italian conquest of Ethiopia in 1936 and in the East African Campaign of World War II.
They were organised in a battalion commanded by Major Alfredo Serranti that fought at the Battle of Culqualber in Ethiopia for three months until this military unit was destroyed by the Allies.
[5] In this battle, Muntaz (corporal) Unatù Endisciau of the LXXII Zaptié (I° Gruppo Carabinieri) Battalion was the only "soldier of colour" to be awarded the Italian Gold Medal of Military Valor.