His military career first took off in the early 2000s, when he was appointed as Deputy Chief of the General Staff.

On top of that, in 2010, Sharifzoda was made the Head of the Operational Directorate of the General Staff of Tajikistan, a position he would serve in for 2 years before leaving the country in 2012 to go and study at Russia's general staff academy in Moscow.

On 18 January 2014 President Emomali Rahmon appointed him as his Chief of the General Staff, overseeing all four military branches of the armed forces.

That same year, he changed his name from his family name, Bobokalonov, to Sharifzoda, which was a result of Rahmons's efforts to de-Russification the country's culture.

He was dismissed from his role on 24 November 2015, being replaced by General Emomali Sobirzoda.