Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi
Zayd ibn Ḥāritha al-Kalbī (Arabic: زيد بن حارثة الكلبي) (c. 581–629 CE), was an early Muslim, Sahabi and the adopted son of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.
[1] Zayd was a slave that Hakim ibn Hizam, Khadija's nephew, bought for her at a market in Ukaz.
This father-son status was later annulled after Muhammad married Zayd’s ex-wife, Zaynab bint Jahsh.
Zayd led his final expedition in September 629 CE, and set out to raid the Byzantine city of Bosra.
However the Muslim army was intercepted by Byzantine forces and Zayd was subsequently killed at the Battle of Mu'tah.
A lament is attributed to his father, Harithah ibn Sharahil (BaSharahil): I weep for Zayd, not knowing what became of him.
[4]: 6–7 Zayd was purchased by a merchant of Mecca, Hakim ibn Hizam, who gave the boy as a present to his aunt, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid.
He remained in her possession until the day she married Muhammad, when she gave the slave as a wedding present to her bridegroom.
They called for Zayd, who easily recognised his father and uncle, but told them that he did not want to leave Muhammad, "for I have seen something in this man, and I am not the kind of person who would ever choose anyone in preference to him."
[4]: 9 At an unknown date before 610, Zayd accompanied Muhammad to Ta'if, where it was a tradition to sacrifice meat to the idols.
[7][8] Zayd ibn Amr, an outspoken monotheist,[9]: 99 replied, "I do not eat anything which you slaughter in the name of your stone idols.
"[7][8] When Muhammad reported in 610 that he had received a revelation from the angel Jibril (Gabriel), Zayd was one of the first converts to Islam.
While Khadijah was the first Muslim of all in the Ummah of Muhammad,[9]: 111 she was closely followed by her neighbour Lubaba bint al-Harith,[4]: 201 her four daughters,[11]: 21, 25–26 and the first male converts, Ali, Zayd and Abu Bakr.
[9]: 234 A few months later, Muhammad and Abu Bakr sent Zayd back to Mecca to escort their families to Medina.
[4]: 180 It has been suggested that differences between Zaynab's social status and Zayd's were precisely the reason why Muhammad wanted to arrange the marriage: The Prophet was well aware that it is a person's standing in the eyes of Allah that is important, rather than his or her status in the eyes of the people ... their marriage would demonstrate that it was not who their ancestors were, but rather their standing in the sight of Allah, that mattered.
[16] A story rejected by Muslim scholars but was inaccurately proposed by the 9th-century historians Ibn Sa'd and al-Tabari, was that Muhammad paid a visit to Zayd's house.
The hairskin curtain that served as Zayd's front door was blown aside, accidentally revealing Zaynab dressed only in her shift.
[4]: 182 [11]: 72–73 However, this story has been rejected by most Muslim scholars[19][20][21] mainly because of its lack of having any chain of narration and its complete absence from any authentic hadith.
Arab customary practice recognized kinship relations not based on blood ties: fosterage (having nursed from the same woman) was one such relationship; the question whether adoption fell into this category must have been unclear among Muslims.
The marriage did not take place until after a Qur'anic revelation was received, giving permission for believers to marry the divorced wives of their adopted sons.
[25] Historiographic assessments suggest that the "lovestruck" narrative itself was a fabrication that developed over a century after the death of Muhammad.
[6]: 32 According to Aisha, "The Messenger of Allah did not ever send Zayd ibn Haritha in an army without putting him in command of it, even if he stayed after he appointed him.
[30][29] After her thirty horsemen were defeated by Zayd ibn Haritha,[31] Muhammad ordered Qirfa[32] or her children[33] to be slaughtered "by putting a rope into her two legs and to two camels and driving them until they rent her in two..."[34] Two of her limbs were torn in to two by four camels, her severed head was later paraded all over the streets of Medina.
Muhammad ibn Hamid al-Razi considered unreliable transmitter by Al-Nasa'i , Abu Ishaq al-Jawzjani, and others.
So every one of you should sharpen his knife, and let the slaughtered animal die comfortably.In, Safi-Ur-Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri in his book Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum tells that Umm Qirfa wanted to kill Muhammad:[40] An expedition led by Abu Bakr As-Siddiq or Zaid bin Haritha was despatched to Wadi Al-Qura in Ramadan 6 Hijri after Fazara sept had made an attempt at the Prophet’s life.
Umm Qira’s attempt at the Prophet’s life recoiled on her, and the thirty horsemen she had gathered and sustained to implement her evil scheme were all killed.Zayd ibn Harithah led his final expedition in September 629 C.E.
However, a Byzantine force of "100,000 Greeks joined by 100,000 men from Lakhm and Judham and Al-Qayn and Bahra' and Bali"[9]: 532 intercepted them at a village called 'Mu'tah' in present-day Jordan.
