[2] King Daoxiang of Zhao granted him the territory of Rao (饒; modern Raoyang County, Hebei).
There are disputes on whether he actually betrayed Qin for such a small land as Rao, as indicated that he did not suffer the punishment of dismemberment as Pu He (蒲鶮), a captain of sorts of the traitors in Tunliu.
[3] Some historians, including Li Kaiyuan and Ma Feibai, hypothesize that Ziying, the last king of Qin, may be his son.
In Kingdom, he (referred to as his onyomi reading, Seikyō) launched a coup that tried to kill Qin Shi Huang alongside his own faction.
He was later overthrown by Lord Changwen [zh] (Shōbun Kun), Xin (Shin), loyalists and the mountain tribes.