The kingdom was carved out of Changshan Commandery in 154 BC and granted to Liu Sheng, son of the reigning Emperor Jing.
In 55 BC, the last Prince of Zhongshan in Liu Sheng's lineage died without issue, and the kingdom was abolished.
Jing also left no issue, and the kingdom was subsequently granted to Liu Xing (劉興), son of Emperor Yuan.
It was initially awarded to Liu Mao (劉茂), one of Emperor Guangwu's fellow rebels against Wang Mang.
[4] In late Western Han, it administered 14 counties: Lunu (盧奴), Beiping (北平), Beixincheng (北新成), Tang (唐), Shenze (深澤), Kuxing (苦陘), Anguo (安國), Quni (曲逆), Wangdu (望都), Xinshi (新市), Xinchu (新處), Wuji (毋極), Lucheng (陸成) and Anxian (安險).