Zielony Balonik

Zielony Balonik (literally, the Green Balloon) was a popular literary cabaret founded in Kraków by the local poets, writers and artists during the final years of the Partitions of Poland.

[1][2] The grand opening of the Green Balloon cabaret took place on 7 October 1905 in a restaurant-bakery located in the heart of Kraków Old Town, not far from the medieval St. Florian's Gate.

[3] Boy-Żeleński responded on behalf of Zielony Balonik by writing a bawdy, humorous poem "Pieśń dziadkowa" (Grandpas Song)[4] confirming that indeed, it is a Sodom and Gomorrah, synonymous with impenitent sin.

Gradually the ground breaking stage performances became depleted of fresh new topics and captivating lyrics for the songs, and the intervention of preventive censorship in the cabaret's scripted dialogues by Austrian authorities resulted in further avoidance of any pressing political issues stemming from the foreign occupation of the country.

[5][6] The main contributors included two Masters of Ceremonies: Jan August Kisielewski, and Stanisław Sierosławski; the slew of writers such as: Witold Noskowski, Tadeusz Zakrzewski, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński (from 1906), Adolf Nowaczyński, Edward Leszczyński, Leon Schiller, and Juliusz Osterwa; as well as a group of visual artists in charge of set-design and exhibits, including: Witold Wojtkiewicz, Kazimierz Sichulski, Karol Frycz, Henryk Szczygliński, Alfons Karpiński, Stanisław Kamocki, Stanisław Kuczborski, Stefan Filipkiewicz, Henryk Uziembło, Fryderyk Pautsch, married couple Tadeusz Rychter and his wife Bronisława Janowska who designed political puppets (1868–1953), Ludwik Puget, Ignacy Blaschke[5] and Adam Grzymała-Siedlecki who even wrote memoirs about the beginnings of the institution, "Ludzie Zielonego Balonika", (People of the Zielony Balonik) in the periodical Teatr (issue N.9, 1951).