Application of phosphorus fertilizers has frequently been associated with zinc deficiency; this may be due to enhanced sorption by clay minerals (especially iron oxides), suppression of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae and/or immobilization of zinc in plant tissues.
Zinc can also be supplied as a seed treatment, or by root-dipping of transplant seedlings.
Zinc deficiency increases membrane leakiness as zinc-containing enzymes are involved in the detoxification of membrane-damaging oxygen radicals.
Zinc may be involved in the control of gene expression; it appears important in stabilizing RNA and DNA structure, in maintaining the activity of DNA-synthesizing enzymes and in controlling the activity of RNA-degrading enzymes.
[7] Almost half of the world's cereal crops are grown on zinc-deficient soils; as a result, zinc deficiency in humans is a widespread problem.