Zlatý slavík (English: "golden nightingale") was a Czechoslovak music poll and award of the same name established by the magazine Mladý svět in 1962, and broadcast on television.
After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992 and its division into Czechia and Slovakia, the latter got its own award, named Slovenský slávik.
In 1962, as the popular Czechoslovak magazine Mladý svět was generating ideas for a music poll, one of its young editors, later actor and director Ladislav Smoljak, came up with the name "golden nightingale", after a children's toy.
In 1970, Marta Kubišová was set to win her fourth slavík, but since she had been banned from speaking publicly by the government due to her anti-communist lyrics and activism, the editors of Mladý svět were forced to change the results at the behest of the Czech Office for Press and Information: the male and female singer categories were thus combined, leading to a victory by Karel Gott.
Top winners Karel Gott (22), Hana Zagorová (9), Naďa Urbánková (5), Marta Kubišová (4), and the band Elán (4) won the most trophies.