Zouhuorumo

In Buddhist and Daoist circles, zouhuorumo is also used to describe individuals who engage in esoteric teachings, techniques, or meditations without possessing good character, established discipline, or proper guidance from a teacher.

[2][3] Chinese medical practitioners, as well as Buddhist and Daoist nuns and monks, considered zouhuorumo a form of psychosis resulting from overly intense study of cultivation techniques by both clergy and laypeople.

When the Western medical community encountered abnormal conditions presenting in patients practicing qigong, they used the term "Qi-gong psychotic reaction" and classified the disorder as a culture-bound syndrome in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association.

[22] In traditional Chinese medicine this disorder is classified as a Shen (神) syndrome and has herbal and acupuncture treatments that date back thousand of years aimed at treating the spirit, mind and body that has been affected by excessive cultivation practices within meditation, Daoyin and Qigong.

For the prevention of creating future problems those that have a tendency toward heat symptoms, hot head, sharp headaches, flushed face, easily excited, anxiety and over creative imaginations, should practise extensively lower, slower grounding movements, and conversely those that have more predominant cold symptoms including cold extremities, dull headaches, prone to melancholy and dull thinking should as a foundation of practice use standing, faster movements and techniques that lift the qi.

[27] In particular, depending upon somatic (body) versus psychological (mind) symptoms, and whether the condition is considered temporary or an intrinsic mental disorder, self-correction treatments can involve relaxation, walking, self-vibrating, self-patting, and self-massage.

[11]: 164–173 Self cultivation standing and seated meditation technology has a long history in East Asia and as a consequence has developed a specific specialised language based on observation of historical outcomes the term 走火入魔 is a general categorization for many adverse effects and classical syndromes of improper practice.