Zwoleń [ˈzvɔlɛɲ] (Yiddish: זוואלין Zvolin) is a town in eastern Poland, in Masovian Voivodeship, about 30 kilometres (19 miles) east of Radom.

[1] Zwoleń belongs to Sandomierz Land of the historic province of Lesser Poland, and is located on the Zwoleńka river.

The history of the town dates back to the early 15th century, when Zwoleń was founded on a privilege issued by King Władysław II Jagiełło.

[2] In 1566–1575, Polish Renaissance poet and writer Jan Kochanowski worked at a local Roman Catholic parish.

After the January Uprising, in 1869, Russian authorities deprived Zwoleń of its town rights, as a punishment for residents' support of the insurgents.

German occupiers carried out numerous mass executions of underground resistance fighters (from Home Army to Bataliony Chłopskie).

At the beginning of 1941, the Nazi German administration established a ghetto in the southern part of Zwoleń for local Jews as well as all transports from neighbouring villages.

The Germans also brought to the ghetto Jews from other locations (Janowice, Pionki, Jedlnia, Garbatka), further increasing their numbers.

The town is located in southeastern corner of Mazovian Voivodeship, at the crossroads of two national roads: the 79th (Warsaw - Sandomierz - Kraków - Bytom), and the 12th (Łęknica - Dorohusk).