Ubadah ibn al-Samit
His official title, according to Muslim scholarly tradition, was 'Ubadah bin Saamit al-Ansari al-Badri (عبادة بن الصامت الانصاري البدري) for his actions at the Battle of Badr.
[citation needed] Islamic scholars regard 'Ubadah as an influential companion of Muhammad who passed down many Hadiths that became the basis of Fiqh ruling in various matters.
In historical literature, these clan leaders are said to have done Hajj to achieve enlightenment after they grew weary of tribal conflicts, particularly the civil war of Yathrib that Muslim historians call the Battle of Bu'ath.
We were twelve men who took an oath of allegiance to the Messenger of Allah Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam in the Pledge of Aqabah, which was called Bai'at An-Nisa'[Notes 1] This was before the fighting was enjoined, so we pledged not to associate anything with Allah, not to steal, not to commit adultery, not to kill our children, not to intentionally forge falsehood,[Notes 2] and not to disobey him in any just matter.
"If you fulfil that then Paradise will be yours, but if you commit any of these sins, it is for Allah to forgive or punish as He wills'[9] "When the Meccan Muslims were migrating to seek refuge in Yathrib (now Medina), 'Ubadah and his fellow Banu Aws and Khazraji provided shelter to them as Muhammad immediately instructed 'Ubadah to take an oath of brotherhood with the Muhajireen named Abu Marthad al-Ghanwi.
'Ubadah's position as a respected head clan superseded Abdallah ibn Ubay's (another Khazraji chief) support of the Jews.
In the end, the entire clan instead followed 'Ubadah and supported Muhammad and they expelled the Banu Qaynuqa Jews from Medina and took their date palm gardens as holy war benefit for the city's Muslim community before continuing to serve in the Battle of Khandaq.
[2][10] During the time of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, reinforcement requests came from the Syrian front during the Rashidun's conquest of Levant.
[2] 'Ubadah participated in the Battle of Ajnadayn under Khalid ibn al-Walid, where the 100,000 Byzantine soldiers under Vardan were trapped, defeated, and fled to Damascus.
[21] After they defeated the Byzantine coalitions in Yarmouk, 'Ubadah, along with the army of Abu Ubaydah and Khalid, continued their conquest until they reached Northern Syria, where they turned south to pacify the shore areas of Levant.
When he and his main force arrived at Alexandria's outskirts, he gave a signal to the army including those who hid in the trenches to launch an assault.
'Ubadah spent time during his tenure as Qadi to teach the Quran and Hadith, opened a public Majlis[12] and led sermons.
[35][2] 'Ubadah joined the main force of Mu'awiya to conquer Caesarea in 640 and was appointed to lead the right flank of the Mu'awiya corps during the last battle against the Romans at Qaysariyyah or Caesarea Maritima, The Muslims were repelled several times before 'Ubadah and his men crushed the Byzantine ranks in a single charge that broke the stalemate.
[38] At sometimes during the Muslim conquest of the Levant, Muawiyah proposed idea to Umar to allow him built a navy which he will command to pacify the island of Cyprus.
Amr gave his opinion that he express doubts the Rashidun army are ready to mount such naval operations, which prompted Umar to duly reject the proposal of Muawiyah.
[41] Umair ibn Aswad al Ansi was once told by Umm Haram that Muhammad spoke with her: She said: "Messenger of Allah, pray for me that I will be one of them."
His brother, 'Aws bin al-Samit, was married to Khawla bint Tha'labah, a disciple (Sahaba) of Muhammad who was mentioned in Surah al Mujadalah.
[33] He was known as a clever commander who deployed successful strategies, such as the use of ambush trenches which allowed him to conquer strongholds such as Latakia in Syria and Alexandria in Egypt.
[71] Quranic experts generally accepted 'Ubadah's participation in the Pledge of the Tree as Asbab al-nuzul of the verse 55-56 of Surah Al-Ma'idah, which is one of the factors that makes 'Ubadah venerated.
Where the verses reprimanded 'Ubadah to not follow the path of hypocrites like Abd-Allah ibn Ubayy who took companionship from heretics like Jews and Christians.
Hammam ibn Munabbih, a Tabi'in who authored one of the oldest Hadith, reported that 'Ubadah was trusted by Muhammad to tutor the disciples of Suffah the art of writing and imparting tafseer of Qur'an[77] The fact that 'Ubadah was among the few ompanions of Muhammad who are allowed to give Fatwa verdicts and passed down the knowledge of so many Hadith narrations from Muhammad, Muslim scholars across generations generally view him as one of Islam's patrons of knowledge, and borrowed traditions from 'Ubadah as the basis for various rulings, including the observance of Islamic teaching, mysticism, eschatological, ethics or jurisrudence in Sunni Madhhab.
[80] Another observance Hadith transmitted by 'Ubadah was used as a metric by Muslims to measure the existence and omen of Laylat al-Qadr, a special occasion for Muslims that occurred once a year, which are found in the work of Ahmad Bin Hanbal[81] "Did not the Prophet, Peace and Allah blessing belong upon him, said that when we saw a person extolling virtues to his face, then we should throw mud to his face?
[82] In the school of Fiqh jurisprudence, Maddhab scholars from Hanafi, Hanbali, Shafii, Maliki and other smaller and extinct Madhhab schools like Madhhab of Sufyan al-Thawri took the Hadith regarding governorship and conduct of ruling that loyalty and obedience to the rightful rulers or leaders are a part of Muslim obligation and as a basis of Sharia law about government authority.
[55] The exemplary Hadith of 'Ubadah deemed important by Maliki Madhab regarding transactions was recorded by the founder of Maliki Madhhab, Malik ibn Anas in his book Muwatta Imam Malik,[83] which was also deemed authentic by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj in his Hadith compilation.
[84][83] Modern contemporary scholars such as Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, Abd al-Aziz Bin Baz, based their fatwas on the basis of his Hadiths as transactions in Islam,[84] Hajj ritual,[84] divorces, and oaths.
[91] However, Sunan ibn Majah recorded that during his tenure as judge in Homs, this effort of 'Ubadah to implement the rule became the source of a dispute between 'Ubadah and city governor Mu'awiya.
[61][Notes 4] This Hadith was enough to overrule the early verdict regarding Riba by Ibn Abbas, another companion of the Muhammad with similarly high rank.
From the eastern side, two spaces open in front of the mosque, a rectangle covered with six stone arches, and a medium-sized minaret stands on its highest base.
[100] The Palestinian Arabs regard him as an influential figure as evidenced by the public sermon by Dr. Yusuf Juma Salama, one of the official khattib of Al-Aqsa Mosque who spoke of 'Ubadah as the first judge of Palestine.
[105] 'Ubadah rebuked the racist attitude shown by scared, yet scornful Muqawqis towards black peoples during the negotiation of the latter's surrender during the conquest of Egypt.
