In the early Turkish Republic, the Çanakkale Province came into existence with the abolition of the Ottoman-era sanjaks of Biga and Gelibolu.

It is recorded that Çanakkale, which was also called as "Hellespontos" and "Dardanelles" in ancient times, has accommodated many civilizations for about 3,000 years.

Even the Archaic Troy (Troia) city, formerly governed by Lydians and destroyed by the devastating earthquake in 2500 BC, has ruins surviving to today.

Also with the ruin of the Anatolian beylik of Karesi, most of the territory of Çanakkale was conquered in the Ottoman era, with the assistance of the castles in remuneration for helping to Byzantine Empire, locating Gelibolu.

[8] As of 2020[update] several of the country's coal fired power stations are here,[9] some with smokestack filters which do not meet regulations.