Ó Coileáin (Middle Irish: Ua Cuiléin) is a Modern Irish surname generally belonging to the descendants of the last leading family of the Uí Chonaill Gabra, a sept and small but notable overkingdom of medieval and ancient Ireland, based in western County Limerick.
Throughout much of their history the Uí Chonaill Gabra were in turn the leading sept of the greater regional overkingdom of the Uí Fidgenti, considered among the highest ranked princes or flatha in all the Province of Munster.
Ó Cindfaeladh, son of Conchobhair, and Ó Cuilén, son of Conchobhar, fell one day among themselves.MCB1156.1: Cuiléan Ó Cuiléin, king of Uí Chonaill Gabhra, was killed by Ó Cinn Fhaoladh, and he himself was killed forthwith in retribution.AI1177.4: An expedition by Domnall Ua Donnchada, {i.e. the son of Amlaíb Mór Ua Donnchada, king of Uí Echach and champion of larmumu}, and by Cuilén Ua Cuiléin with the nobles of Desmumu to raid In Machaire, and they took away many cows.
Peace was afterwards made by the son of Mac Carthaig and by the Uí Briain.AC1266: Mahon o'Cullen, Prince of the Cloenglasse,[1] was killed with a stabb of a knife by his own wife for Jealousie.It is believed that what is probably a junior branch of the Uí Chonaill kings joined their distant kin the O'Donovan family of the Uí Chairpre Áebda, another great sept of the Uí Fidgenti, in their exodus to Carbery in West Cork between the late 12th and early 13th centuries.
[2] AI1177.3: Great warfare this year between Tuadmumu and Desmumu, and from Luimnech to Corcach and from Clár Doire Mór to Cnoc Brénainn was laid waste, both church and lay property.