The .307 Winchester cartridge was introduced by Winchester in 1982 to meet the demand of .300 Savage performance in a lever-action rifle equipped with a tubular magazine.

It is nearly dimensionally identical to the more common .308 Winchester cartridge, the only differences being a rimmed base and thicker case walls.

It is still commercially loaded today, but many handload to gain better performance and accuracy.

Because of safety concerns owing to the rifle's tubular magazine, flat-nosed bullets are normally used.

It is also the parent case for the 7mm STE (Shooting Times Eastern).