From 1946 until 1998 it was called the 104th Guards Airborne Division (Russian: 104-я гвардейская воздушно-десантная дивизия), and it was given its current name after being reactivated in 2023.

In 1960, the division was relocated to the Transcaucasian Military District and was based in Kirovabad (now Gyandzha), in the Azerbaijani SSR.

According to CFE Treaty data, on 11 November 1990, the division was equipped with 219 BMD-1 and 93 BMD-2 airborne infantry fighting vehicles, 107 BTR-D armoured personnel carriers, 72 2S9 Nona self-propelled guns, 36 BTR-RD anti-tank missile carriers, 42 BTR-ZD self-propelled anti-aircraft guns, and 6 D-30 howitzers.

[13] In August 2023, the commander of the Russian Airborne Forces, Colonel General Mikhail Teplinsky, announced that the formation would be reactivated by the end of 2023.

[16] These measures are part of Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu's planned military unit expansions from 2022.

[19] The UK Ministry of Defence assessed that the Russian 104th Guards Airborne Division likely suffered "exceptionally heavy losses and was unable to complete its assigned tasks in the Kherson region" during its first combat deployment against Ukrainian forces near Krynky on the eastern bank of the Dnestr.

[20] After this, “Russian military bloggers called on the commander of the Dnieper group of troops, Colonel General Mikhail Teplinsky to resign.”[21] On February 21, 2024, the Ukrainian Armed Forces launched three missile strikes using HIMARS at a Russian military training ground near the village Podo-Kalinovka, Kherson Oblast.

Also, sources report the death of deputy commander/political commissar of the 328th airborne infantry regiment Denis Koksharov.