It was again expanded, converted, and redesignated on 23 May 1917 as the 2nd and 3rd Field Artillery Regiments, then mustered into federal service on 15 July 1917 at Cleveland and Youngstown, respectively.

After being drafted into federal service on 5 August 1917, the units were reorganized and redesignated on 15 September 1917 as the 135th and 136th Field Artillery Regiments, respectively, and assigned to the 37th Division, before being demobilized on 10 April 1919 at Camp Sherman, Ohio.

The regiment, or elements thereof, was called up to perform the following state duties: escort for Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France on his visit to Cleveland in 1921; coal miner strike duty at Middleport and St. Clairsville, 26 July–16 August 1922; tornado relief duty at Lorain and Sandusky, Ohio, 28 June–16 July 1924; martial law in connection with civil disorders and Ku Klux Klan riots in Niles, 2–5 November 1924; escort for General of the Armies John J. Pershing on his visit to Cleveland in 1927; escort for President Herbert Hoover on his visit to Cleveland on 2 October 1930; coal miner strike duty at Cadiz, 16 April–17 August 1932; riot control during a workers’ strike at the Auto-Lite plant at Toledo, 23 May–2 June 1934; and for disaster relief duty during the Ohio River flood of January–March 1937.

The regiment was reorganized and federally recognized on 10 November 1947 as the 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron with headquarters at Cleveland.

The 1970 riot at Kent State University resulted in the calling out of Troop G of the 2nd Squadron 107th Armored Cavalry, along with Companies A and C, 1-145th Infantry, Ohio Army National Guard (ARNG).

Troop G was one of the units on the campus grounds, attempting to disperse the agitators and students after the burning of the ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps) building.

1st Squadron 107th Armored Cavalry Regiment served in Cleveland, Ohio for police actions and riot control in 1966 and 1968.

The Squadron was also called up for police actions in February 1975 when the independent truckers staged a strike over fuel prices.

If activated the mission would have been to assume border patrols in Germany with Czechoslovakia to free up the 3rd Armored Cavalry to move to the Mid-East.

The regiment was reorganized and federally recognized on 10 November 1947 as the 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron with headquarters at Cleveland.

In September 2001, the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment, was transferred from the 37th Brigade, 38th Infantry Division ("Cyclone") (Indiana Army National Guard) to the 2nd Brigade, 28th Infantry Division ("Keystone") (Pennsylvania Army National Guard) with its headquarters remaining in Stow, Ohio.

These elements of the 1st Battalion operated in Iraq from February to December 2004, serving in Kirkush, Tuz Khurmatu, Jalawla, and Baghdad.

One element of HHC 1–107th Cavalry was then deployed to Fort Dix, New Jersey for mobilization training and left for Kuwait in January 2005.

This element included LTC Richard T. Curry the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment Commander and CSM Albert Whatmough who both deployed with the battalion in 2004–2005 with the mission of establishing the Forward Operating Base (FOB) Endurance which later became known as FOB Q-West Base Complex 30 Kilometers south of Mosul, Iraq.

A total of 1,000 Ohio Army National Guard soldiers mobilized in June 2004 for four months of training prior to a six-month deployment to Kosovo as peacekeepers.

In late February 2005 the Ohio Army National Guard welcomed home the 2nd Squadron 107th Cavalry Regiment after successfully completing the NATO peace keeping mission in Kosovo.

A change in designation was required and the unit uncased the new colors of the 1st Battalion, 145th Armored Regiment, effective 1 September 2007.