The 10th Maine was a re-organization of the 1st Maine Infantry, a regiment primarily composed of men with two-year enlistments that was mustering out after completing three months of Federal service.

[3] The 10th Maine Battalion served as headquarters guard for the XII Corps at the Battle of Chancellorsville and as part of the Army of the Potomac's provost guard at the Battle of Gettysburg.

On May 29, 1864, the battalion reached Morganza, Louisiana (aka Morganzia) and was dissolved to form Companies A and D of the 29th Maine, where the soldiers were again commanded by Colonel Beal who was appointed as commander of the 29th Maine.

The unit's flags are preserved in the Maine State Museum.

1st Brigade, 1st Division, II Corps, Army of Virginia, to September, 1862.

1st Brigade, 1st Division, XII Corps, Army of the Potomac, to April, 1863.

Headquarters XII Corps, Armies of the Potomac and Cumberland, to February, 1864.

Guard duty by detachments along Baltimore & Ohio Railroad between Martinsburg and Charleston, W. Va., until May.

Moved to Nashville, Tenn., September 24-October 2; to Murfreesboro, Tenn., October 5, thence to Shelbyville and Wartrace.

Provost duty at Headquarters XII Corps until February.

Detached from XII Corps at Tullahoma, Tenn. February 29, 1864, to be amalgamated with the 29th Maine Infantry, which occurred May 29, 1864, at Morganza, La.

[6] The regiment lost 8 officers and 74 enlisted men killed in action or dying of wounds received in battle.

[13] As of 2018 this lineage is carried by the 240th Regional Training Institute, Maine Army National Guard, in Bangor.

[15] Three monuments have been erected to the 10th Maine: one in the Culpeper National Cemetery in Virginia, one on the Cedar Mountain battlefield south of Culpeper, and one to the 10th Maine Battalion on the Gettysburg battlefield in Pennsylvania.