The battery was organized in Providence, Rhode Island in May 1862 and mustered in for three months' service.

The battery was formed from volunteers from the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery.

Served duty at Camp Frieze, Tennallytown, until June 23.

At Cloud's Mills until June 30, and near Fort Pennsylvania until August.

The 10th Rhode Island Battery mustered out of service August 30, 1862.