It is drawn from the United States Army National Guard.

It was constituted 1 October 1987 in the Ohio National Guard as the 137th Aviation, a parent regiment under the United States Army Regimental System.

On that date it was organized from existing units (mainly from the 1416th Transportion Company later redesignated as Company D (-)(Columbus, OH) and Det 1, Co D 137th Aviation (Greensburg, OH)), with headquarters at Worthington, consisting of Company D only.

The headquarters location was changed on 11 May 1988 to Columbus, Ohio.

On 5 March 1990 the regiment was reorganized, to consist of the 1st Battalion and Company D. Reorganized 1991-1992 in the Arkansas, Montana, Ohio, North Dakota, South Dakota and West Virginia Army National Guard to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions and Company D Reorganized 1 September 1995 in the Arkansas, Indiana, Maine, Ohio, North Dakota, South Dakota and West Virginia Army National Guard to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions, and Company D Reorganized 1 September 1996 in the Ohio, Indiana, and Maine Army National Guard to consist of the 1st Battalion, an element of the 38th Infantry Division, and Company D Reorganized 1 November 2002 in the Ohio, New York, and West Virginia Army National Guard to consist of the 1st Battalion, an element of the 38th Infantry Division, and Company G Ordered into active federal service 5 July 2004 at Columbus, Ohio Redesignated 1 October 2005 as the 137th Aviation Regiment Released from active federal service 1 November 2005 and reverted to state control Reorganized 1 June 2006 in the Ohio, Indiana, and New York Army National Guard to consist of the 1st Battalion, an element of the 38th Infantry Division, and Company G. Reorganized 1 September 2006 in the Ohio and Indiana National Guard to consist of the 1st Battalion, an element of the 38th Infantry Division Ordered into active federal service 2 January 2009 at home stations; released from active federal service 5 February 2010 and reverted to state control.