It was originally formed as Greenbrier County militia, fighting for Virginia in the American Revolutionary War.

[2] The lineage of the 150th Cavalry Regiment dates back to 1 March 1778, with the formation of the Militia of Greenbrier County.

[3] During the American Civil War, units with Union sympathies were combined to form the 5th and 9th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment.

It was reorganized on 1 March 1923 when the regimental headquarters was organized and federally recognized at Welch, West Virginia.

For at least three years, 1931–33, the regiment also trained thirty-three company-grade Organized Reserve infantry officers of the 100th Division at Camp Conley.

[5] On 1 March 1942, the regiment was relieved from assignment the 38th Division and transferred to the Panama Canal Zone where it served through the rest of the war.

On 1 March 1968, 2nd Squadron was relieved from the regiment and broken up to form other units within the West Virginia National Guard.

"The Second West Virginia" deployed again in support of the War on Terror in 2019, for Operations Spartan Shield and Inherent Resolve.

D Troop of 1/150th Cav also mobilized to support 30th Armored Brigade Combat Team operations under Spartan Shield in 2019.

Additionally, one support company is attached to the "Second West Virginia:" A Gold color metal and enamel device 1+1⁄8 inches (2.9 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Azure, a powder horn Argent, mouth to dexter, ferruled Or, stringed of the second; in chief five mullets of the third voided.

Azure, a powder horn Argent, mouth to dexter, ferruled Or, stringed of the second; in chief five mullets of the third voided.

That for the regiments and separate battalions of the West Virginia Army National Guard: On a wreath of the colors, Argent and Azure, a slip of mountain rhododendron in full bloom and leaved Proper.