The Regiment was activated as for World War I, re-designated as the 154th Infantry and shipped to France as a part of the 39th Infantry Division, but became a replacement regiment and its personnel were reassigned to other American Expeditionary Force (AEF) units.

The 154th Infantry Regiment was never reactivated in the Arkansas National Guard following World War I.

However, by 1999, it had been reformed as a Regiment (Regional Training Institute) of the Mississippi Army National Guard.

[4] On 16 May 1917, it was announced that Little Rock was one of the cities to be allowed a new infantry company which would be part of the 3rd Arkansas Regiment.

[4] The age limits that were established for officers of the new units were these:[4] Recruitment for men in Little Rock was carried out by seventeen girls wearing badges bearing the words, "If You Are A Real Man Enlist."

[12] The 2nd and 3rd Infantry Regiments were examined for Federal service on 6 August 1917, at Ft. Brough (located on the Capital grounds).

[15] The Commander of the supply company of the 3rd Arkansas received instructions from the Augusta Arsenal to go into the open market and buy mess kits to complete the equipment needed for the new regiments.

[12] The 3rd Arkansas Regiment used sixty coaches, three standard pullmans, six baggage cars, twelve boxcars, and one stock car,[17] and set off on a train journey to Camp Beauregard, Louisiana, lasting about fourteen hours; they mustered into Federal service 27 September – 18 October 1917.

[26] June 1918, marked the arrival in France of 20 per cent of the enlisted personnel of the 154th Infantry, and the 141st Machine Gun Battalion, U.S.N.G.

The 1st and 2nd Battalions were called up to conduct riot control during a railroad workers' strike from 7-16 August 1922.

By 1999, the lineage of the 154th Infantry had been taken up in the neighboring Mississippi Army National Guard as the state's Regional Training Institute, and it remains active in that form.