Reformed in 1942, the corps fought through the rest of the war on the Eastern Front, and was disbanded immediately postwar.
It was relocated to Orsha in October 1923 and Bryansk in November, becoming part of the Western Military District.
The 16th Corps fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, occupying what became western Belarus.
It became part of the 11th Army by 22 June 1941, under the command of Major General Mikhail Mikhailovich Ivanov.
The corps fought against Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, from 22 June 1941, and was disbanded in August.