The regiment was recruited from Pasquotank, Edgecombe, Hertford, Bertie, Currituck, and Beaufort counties in northeastern North Carolina.
After being held prisoners of war at Fort Columbus on Governors Island in New York harbor and Fort Warren in Boston harbor and the survivors of the regiment were exchanged, it was reorganized with Martin remaining colonel, John C. Lamb becoming lieutenant colonel, and Thomas H. Sharp becoming major.
The regiment continued to be stationed in eastern North Carolina and fought in several small skirmishes as part of James G. Martin's brigade.
The regiment then fought at the Battle of Cold Harbor and then in the Siege of Petersburg, as part of Robert F. Hoke's division.
The regiment then fought in the Wilmington Campaign in North Carolina, followed by the Battle of Bentonville.