The India and Eurasian plates began colliding approximately 50 million years ago when the Tethys Ocean closed.

These faults runs for approximately 2,300 km in an east–west direction, parallel to the southern foothills of the Lower Himalayan Range from Assam, through Nepal, and into Pakistan.

This major thrust fault dips to the north, beneath the Himalaya at a shallow angle.

A landslide buried the small village and fort on the eastern bank of the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh.

Aligarh Fort was captured by the British East India Company from the Marathi people and French.

The siege came to an end because the severely damage fort walls were breached, easing capture for the British.

[8][9] At New Delhi, a cupola in the Qutb Minar collapsed and the main column was structurally weakened.

[10] Reports documented that the spire of the Khanqah-e-Moula in Kashmir Valley's Srinagar also collapsed, although it may have been a conflation with a previous earthquake.

Seiches in a water tank at the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden in Calcutta caused by the quake was strong enough to throw fishes out of their aquarium.

Descriptions of severe damage and ground effects from the event suggest the earthquake rupture initiated beneath the Himalaya range, and propagated south; up-dip along the MHT in a northwest–southeast direction.