The division was formed during the 7th Aufstellungswelle on 28 November 1939 in Gutsbezirk Münsingen (Wurttemberg).

In June 1941, it participated in the attack on the USSR, as part of the XX Army Corps under the command of Friedrich Materna.

By 22 October 1943, the 183rd Infantry Division had suffered numerous losses and was merged with two other, badly battered Infantry Divisions (217th and 339th) into a "Corps Detachment C" (Korps-Abteilung C).

Corps Detachment C became part of Army Group North Ukraine.

This article about a specific German military unit is a stub.