In their first season under head coach Bill Roper, the team compiled a 9–0–1 record, shut out eight of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 205 to 9.

There was no contemporaneous system in 1906 for determining a national champion.

However, Princeton was retroactively named as the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and National Championship Foundation.

[2] Three Princeton players were selected as consensus first-team players on the 1906 All-America team: quarterback Edward Dillon; end Caspar Wister; and tackle James Cooney.

[3] Other key players included fullback Jim McCormick, who was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.