For the first time, Italian women were allowed to vote in a national election and run for a seat in the Constituent Assembly.

To emphasise the restoration of democracy after the fascist era, a pure party-list proportional representation was chosen.

[2] At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with the Imperiali quota.

The Italian Liberal Party, heir of the pre-fascist and conservative ruling class, proposed an alliance called National Democratic Union.

The election gave a large majority to the government formed by the three leaders of the CLN, which was briefly joined by the Republican Party after the exile of Umberto II.