The 1958–59 season was the 86th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 62nd season of the Scottish Football League.

[1] The last day of the season saw Rangers holding a two-point lead over Hearts, with the clubs having an identical goal average.

Rangers lost 1–2 at home to Aberdeen, only for Hearts also to lose, 2–1 away to Celtic.

Had Hearts won by any score they would have won the title.

Champions: Rangers Relegated: Falkirk, Queen of the South Promoted: Ayr United, Arbroath * – aggregate over two legs† – replay‡ – trophy shared Key: