The 1978 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on September 2, 1978 and ended on December 3, 1978.
It was the last official tournament organized by FCF (Federação Carioca de Futebol, or Carioca Football Federation).
Only clubs based in the Rio de Janeiro city were allowed to play.
Twelve teams contested this edition.
Flamengo won the title for the 18th time.