The 1st National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1954 to 1959.

It held four sessions in this period.

These were the first legislative elections to take place after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

In accordance with the rules set by the 1st National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the first set of deputies to the NPC were elected in the spring and summer of 1954, the first elections under the 1953 Electoral Law which set rules for elections in the PRC, by the following: The first plenary session was held in September 1954.

[1] The Congress passed the 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China.