The First Rhode Island Battery (also known as "Tompkins' Marine Artillery") was an artillery unit which served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

The 1st Rhode Island Battery was organized by Colonel Samuel G. Arnold at the Benefit Street Arsenal in Providence for three months' service in April 1861.

It was organized from the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, a unit of the Rhode Island Militia.

It was mustered into Federal service May 2, and attached to Hunter's Division, McDowell's Army of Northeast Virginia.

It was then attached to Thomes' Brigade, Patterson's Army and marched to Bunker Hill, VA, and saw action there on July 15.